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CI-CD    Centre for Inter-cultural Development

CI-CD Primer Course for Chinese Students 

What is this primer for?

Most Chinese students favour post-graduate study abroad after completing their under-graduate courses in China (since costs are lower there over three years than in the West).  They wish to study for post-graduate qualifications in Europe as a means to increasing their work experience opportunities, and in turn, their career options and employability in China’s ever-increasingly globalised economy.

Research carried out at many UK universities on the outcomes of study for Chinese post-graduate students - as compared with UK-born students and other groups of international students - shows that many Chinese students experience great difficulties in adapting their learning style to the English way of higher education. This is not only when they arrive with insufficient fluency in spoken and written English. Many are under-prepared in their expectations about the nature of student life in UK, the roles of UK tutors, and the methods of ‘autonomous’ study in the West. As a result they are at risk of not completing their course, or doing less well than expected. If they achieve lower average grades than other international students this creates stress – and it is disastrous in terms of marketing courses in China, since the main influence on Chinese students’ choice of UK university is what current students are saying in letters home about their experience of study here.  

The CI-CD Primer Course is designed for newly arrived Chinese students in UK, or for under-graduate students in China, currently in year 3 of a 4 year degree course, preparing them inter-culturally for successful study for a post-graduate qualification in the UK. It incorporates the latest developments of the discipline “English for Academic Purposes” (EAP); it explains how to develop relationships with lecturers/other students; it introduces key practical study skills Chinese students need to succeed in the West.

Given time constraints, most Western tutors cannot give the individual attention Chinese students are likely to be expecting; and many assume ‘students should know how to study’, not realising the difficulties for Chinese students in adapting their culturally determined learning style. This course therefore includes exercises around developing relationships with lecturers/other students; explanation of learning style differences; explanation of Western teaching methods; adapting to Western modes of learning such as group seminars and ‘autonomous study’; developing competence in applying critique and analytical techniques; tackling issues of ‘plagiarism’ in essays and project work; and accessing student support services/pastoral care.

The CI-CD Primer has been developed in E-Learning format by John Twitchin, Director of UK’s Centre for Intercultural Development, for use in China jointly with a major Media Company in Shenyang, and for UK universities with Chinese students at induction stage.

The Primer Modules

1.  In China: Face-to-face pre-study Briefing Meetings organised in China (hosted at media centre).

Presentations + Q&A for potential post-graduate students together with their parents; print support materials distributed.

2. In UK: Evidence of Chinese students’ needs for preparation for UK study.

On-screen documentary case-study interviews with successful Chinese students (eg, Bedfordshire, Leicester, Bournemouth, Leeds Universities).

(a) What have those students learned through experience is necessary for success in UK?

(b) What difficulties did they encounter?

(c) How did they tackle these and adapt to Western-style graduate study?

(d) What is their constructive advice for student self-preparation?

(e) Analysis of survey findings concerning Culture Shock; Language Shock; Study Shock.

3.  ‘Culture Shock’ and the role of Pastoral Care staff

(a)  Symptoms of ‘culture shock’ and their causes: how to minimise these

(b)  Initial Induction/Orientation by universities to assist with ‘Culture Shock’

(c)  Ancillary/administrative staff’s role re housing, grants, medical needs, etc

(d)  Interacting with ‘pastoral care’ staff of International Student Centres

(e)  Counselling services’ role in UK student life & role of confidentiality

(f)   Handling problems, emergencies & crises

4.  Participating in Student union clubs & building social relationships

(a)  Remaining in Chinese-only clusters vs. proven benefits of integrating 

(b)  Pro-actively building relationships with other international students

(c)  ‘Integrating’ with British students – ie, building relationships though group activities with UK student peers

(d)  Benefits of adopting an ‘ethnographic’ approach with UK and other International students on campus, and with UK citizens in rural and town environments [shopping; entertainments; using public transport, etc]

5.  Handling Guanxi and Mianzi when studying in UK

(a)  Controlling finances under ‘guanxi’ felt-obligations/peer pressures in UK

(b)  Carrying family face when working with Chinese peers in assignments

(c)  Acceptable study collaboration:  Knowledge share/Student study groups

(d)   Reviewing concept ‘relationship’ in university culture/micro-culture

(e)   Integrating & participating/communication styles in group seminars

6. Language Shock

(a)  English verbal usage versus written forms

(b)  Reality of level of English needed for following a course in UK

(c)  Resources for acquiring ‘English for Academic Purposes’

(d)  How to seek help in ways to develop fluency in spoken English

(e)  Literal vs. figurative talk in English

7. Learning styles

(a)  Key differences between Chinese and UK learning style at HE level 

(b)  What is expected of a ‘Good Student’ in the West?

(c) ‘Autonomous learning’ – what this means in practice

(d)  Attitudes/approaches to researching assignments

(e)  Inductive/deductive precedents, and using facts to argue a case

(f)  ‘Originality’ and developing Western ‘critical analysis’ techniques. 

(g)  Solutions for learning effectiveness in Western context

8.  Study Shock: contrasts of Academic Study styles

(a)  Presentation of work

(b)  Conducting research; using library sources

(c)  Writing style differences: essay structures, paraphrasing; synthesizing

(d)  Areas of problems and challenges

-   Western academic papers and project report formats

-  ‘plagiarism’- the problem; its cross-cultural sources; its solutions

-  participating in group seminars: the issue of ‘face’

-  structuring examination answers

9. The role of the tutor

(a)  Relationship between tutors/lecturers & students in UK universities

(b)  Differing expected roles of a ‘Good tutor’ + ‘Good student’ in China and UK

(c)  Academic staff: status & behavioural profile/hierarchy

(d)  Teaching and Communication contrasts, UK/China

(e)  Academic staff: student access to and channel/appropriate methods

(f)   Reporting and accounting to academic staff

10. Communicating in spoken English across cultures: generic

Analysis of common misunderstandings/difficulties with other speakers of English as a learned foreign language

11. Communicating in spoken English across cultures: HE specific

Review of EAP and analysis of Chinese students’ common misunderstandings with native-English speakers in UK universities – and skills for avoiding these

12. Face-to-face post-study Briefing Meetings at North Media Centre, Shenyang

Parent orientation and Q&A. (Parents are key ‘stakeholders’ in students’ success.)

Reference resources

Recommended advance background reading for studying the commonest subjects taken by Chinese students. (This is the most recurrently requested information by Chinese students on UK courses; preparation not needed by UK potential students but desperately sought by Chinese students and parents unfamiliar with the cultural environment of UK.)

How are the 12 Module topics delivered? 

In China: Self-study through an on-line course, accessed via a password acquired through subscription.

Students can follow the modules at their own pace through interactive analysis of illustrative case-studies; through self-examining questionnaires, from ‘multiple choice’ answers.

In UK: either as on-line course or as Modules in group seminar sessions.

The documentary DVD

Each Module is built around 15 minutes of DVD documentary material, subdivided into thematic sections, with a ‘menu’ at the front, for each student to use at convenient times, at their own pace, according to their own needs. This can be generic, or created in customised form for a particular university.

The on-screen case-studies provide powerfully credible illustration for Chinese students (and their parents) of what study in the West is actually like. 

§         They meet on the screen Chinese students like themselves who describe their initial ‘culture shock’ and ‘study shock’ difficulties and what they have learned through experience about need to adapt to Western styles of study.

§         They see for themselves the reality of the different study methods of the West.

§         They see (empathetic) Western tutors explaining their role.

§         They hear how written presentations are assessed and marked in the West.

§         They see what is involved in participating in group seminars.

§         They hear advice from Chinese academics on the staff of British universities.

§         They gain a clear idea of how student clubs (interest groups) and other social groupings work in UK universities, and the critical importance of these for academic success.

§         They gain reassurance from seeing how illness, depression or stress can be resolved confidentially via pastoral support staff.

§         They see how Chinese students tackle difficulties of intercultural communication, and benefit for careers in a global economy by relating successfully to both UK students and to students from many other parts of the world. 

The documentary film is not presented passively, but in interactive format, with self-awareness questionnaires for testing comprehension of the on-screen analysis, as first step to adopting practical advice and practising new skills needed for successful study in the UK. 

The accompanying manual

§         sets out ways of using the DVD interactively to maximum benefit

§         carries initial self-awareness questionnaires (before seeing the DVD material)

§         offers checklists for self-testing comprehension of the evidence and analysis seen on-screen 

§         provides background information on the interactions shown on-screen

§         supplies exercises that explain and give direct practice in Western study skills

§         provides closer analysis of the inter-cultural communication difficulties that commonly occur in UK, even when a Chinese student is fully fluent in English

§         supplies bibliography and resources on studying in UK

§         gives ideas of advance background reading necessary for studying each of the commonest subjects taken by Chinese students

©    CI-CD and John Twitchin, 2008

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