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CI-CD    Centre for Inter-cultural Development

Workshop outline: preparing UK managers assigned to work in India

from cultural orientation to inter-cultural competence

The fully participative workshop outlined below was provided for customer service managers at BT, National Rail Enquiries, Barclays Bank, MBNA, in 2007, and supplied to UK / INDIA BUSINESS COUNCIL in 2008 as follow-up workshop to ‘Insight India’. It incorporates practical Cross-cultural Communication skills needed by UK executives and/or managers who go to India, whether for trading/marketing, negotiating supplier contracts, managing joint ventures, and/or outsourcing contact centres with IT / BPO partners / providers.

All CI-CD workshops for ‘Doing Business in India’ are customised from this agenda to the specific needs and job functions of attendees.

Built from 3 years ‘on-the-ground’ experience of change management in India (chiefly in Noida and Bangalore), the workshop includes simulations and unique documentary video evidence demonstrating how cultural differences and ‘Indian-English’ speaking style all-too-commonly produce communication breakdowns (a) in meetings and negotiations between UK and Indian senior managers, (b) in UK/Indian joint project management, and (c) between Agents/Customer Service Representatives and UK consumers in outsourced contact centres.

It focusses on the practical skills for (a) (b) and (c) to prevent damaging cross-cultural misunderstandings, and to handle interactions to achieve positive outcomes for all parties.

1.  Introductions (practised in Indian style) + exchange of Indian experiences to date

§         Names exercise: Practising Greetings; Getting Indian names right; What to do if difficult to pronounce.

(Small group-work with feedback and illustrative Indian DVD extracts)

2. Expectations of the workshop? What if anything concerns you? What have you heard about India?

§         Tackling stereotypes/ myths

(Small group-work with feedback and illustrative Indian DVD extracts)

3.  DVD documentary evidence of UK managers’ mistakes

§         Illustrating how and why UK styles of negotiating, project managing, and customer relations do not simply ‘transplant’ to Asia     

(Interactive viewing of documentary case-studies)

4.  Briefings on sensitivities to Indian Social Background, drawn from current Indian sources

§         History – National Identity issues; Residual effects of Raj - attitudes to British

§         Status / Use of English as ‘language of commerce’: care for nationalist feelings      

§         Underlying social realities 

§         Economics / Politics; Religion; Family values; Women’s changing roles in business/society; Travel, Food, Shopping, Sport, Film; and the safest small talk topic: Cricket

5.  Briefings on Business Culture in India

(Quiz/Questionnaire discussed and completed in small groups, with feedback and de-brief of practical implications for business behaviour)

§              India’s Business History pre and post 1991 (GDP growth c. 8.5% a year):

§              Strongly ‘bureaucratic’ inherited ethos; Hierarchical structures; Managerial Roles/Status

§              From manufacturing to services: Typical Decision-making, Problem-solving processes

§              Leadership style; Approaches to innovation/change, and to staff Consultation/Motivation

§              Saving Face in bargaining (eg, pitching costs, or terms of partnership joint  management, to allow ‘wriggle room’ and scope to be ‘bargained down’)

§              Formality in group meetings; Informality with individuals 

§              ‘Indian time’ – slower than customary in UK; need to adapt to professional patience

§              Respect for age; and for academic qualifications; current inter-generational developments

§              Process-analytical mindset: priority on quantifiable deliveries via spreadsheets (implications for negotiation; difficulties for implementing qualitative change/projects)

§              Humour – what’s funny/not funny in India: contrasts with UK self-deprecrating irony  

6.  East/West Business Relationship

(Input around analytic Handout + DVD interactive documentary illustrating the commonest Western mistakes in face-to-face negotiating in Asia)

7.  Indian negotiating style

Indian bargaining assumptions and conventions; influential ‘buzz words’ helpful in India; tactical approaches for success

8.  Cross-cultural Communication in India

(Role-play simulation to illustrate how unwitting misunderstandings occur in India; with follow-up documentary DVDs of UK/India workplace interactions - LT; Sandhu/Parekh; Vijay; Ritu; Rama - small group analysis and discussion)

§         Why and how to avoid unwitting ‘neo-colonial cultural imperialism’ ie, coming across unintentionally as arrogant or disrespectful or dominating the agenda

§         Indian responsive warmth of manner can mislead: ‘Yes’ may mean courtesy of ‘It would be too unkind to say ‘No’, rather than personal commitment to undertaking responsibility / action 

§         Nodding; difficulties of UK conventions of sarcasm and irony; and confusions of literal/figurative idioms

§         Indian indirectness of ‘narrative style’ in giving answers

§         Apparent ‘bluntness’ (absence of ‘softeners’, Please or Thanks) in Indian style of making requests, giving instructions (ie, wrongly perceived as ‘rudeness/demanding’)

§         Differences of ‘Indian-English’ and ‘British-English’ grammar and intonation: for training Trainers, Quality, TLs, CSRs

§         Ways of speaking most helpful to Indians who learned their English at school

§         Checklist of the 12 key cross-cultural communication differences

9.  (if relevant) UK customer dissatisfaction with Indian-based IT/BPO services

§         Evidence of the problem; Causes of the problem; Solutions of the problem.

§         The managerial conditions for successful training development/change

§         (Handouts of media reports (2007 – 08) + group exchange/discussion of resulting hidden costs and damage to brand image.)

10. (if relevant) Checklist Review of Communication skills to equip Indian CSRs to meet UK customer expectations

§         Full handout list of 40 skills, OR summary handout of 20 skills; with interactive analysis of selected customer service call recordings

11.  Summary of ‘What to do differently’: culturally sensitive practice in India for successful outcomes

§         Making marketing presentations; negotiating senior company-level terms of agreement 

§         Influencing joint agenda-setting, problem-solving, decision-making, change/project management meetings at managerial level

§         (if relevant) Designing training in context of Indian IT call centres services, with tools for measuring training/coaching impact and/or C Sats

12.  Action Planning: Individual and group follow-ups, immediate and longer-term

13.  Summary: ‘What to do differently’: points of culturally sensitive practice for influencing joint agenda-setting, problem-solving, decision-making, and action planning. 

14.  Resources display:  Books, training manuals, articles

15.  Evaluation: verbal and written report.

The facilitator is Director of CI-CD, John Twitchin, one of the UK’s longest experienced specialist in international business communication across cultures. In charge of all management training output at BBC TV for 25 years; director of over 100 broadcasts (illustrating and analysing business interactions in India, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, UK, USA, Australia); producer of BBC ‘Business Club’ for SMEs; trainer of UK Trade and Investment Advisors and UKTI  SME clients; author of 50 publications on cross-cultural diversity; consultant to 40 global companies; lecturer at 96 universities; lead speaker at 40 international conferences. Founder-tutor of UK’s only formally accredited post-graduate degree in applied socio-linguistics: ‘MA in Intercultural Communication’, Business Studies, University of Bedfordshire.

Copyright: Centre for Intercultural Development and John Twitchin, 2006 

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